English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Recent advances in flexible ureteroscopy, as well as the development of various accessories and the implementation of Holmium laser as a fragmentation mechanism, consisting of flexible retrograde laser nephrolithotomy (FRLN), is an attractive alternative for the management of large lithiasic masses. The analysis of the evidence available to date is essential to establish the benefits and limitations compared to other therapies, such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Materials and methods A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE and SCIENCEDIRECT data bases. The search was limited by language to articles published in English and Spanish, and limited in time to articles published in the last 10 years. A total of 30 articles of interest to the topic and a case report on a large lithiasic mass handled with FRLN are included. Discussion Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is considered the gold standard for the management of renal stones larger than 2 cm, with stone free rates of 76–95% with 1.9 procedures. However, complication rates have been reported between 8 and 45%, and decreased GFR between 9 and 34% was recorded in the post-operative period. On the other hand FRLN provides an stone free rates of 86–95% in about 1.6 procedures, and complication rates ranging from 10 to 20%. Conclusions The FRLN has become an effective alternative for the management of large lithiasic masses, with stone free rates similar to those obtained with percutaneous nephrolithotomy, but with fewer complications. Its usefulness is most evident in special cases, such as large stones associated with significant comorbidity, obesity, failure renal, spinal malformations, or a single kidney.

Retrograde flexible nephrolithotomy in the management of large lithiasic masses as an alternative to percutaneous nephrolithotomy