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Using U.S. nationwide travel surveys for 1995, 2001, 2009 and 2017, thisstudy compares Millennials with their previous generation (Gen Xers) in termsof their automobile travel across different neighborhood patterns. At the ageof 16 to 28 years old, Millennials have lower daily personal vehicle milestraveled and car trips than Gen Xers in urban (higher-density) and suburban(lower-density) neighborhoods. Such differences remain unchanged afteradjusting for the socio-economic, vehicle ownership, life cycle, year-specificand regional-specific factors. In addition, the associations betweenresidential density and automobile travel for the 16- to 28-year-oldMillennials are flatter than that for Gen Xers, controlling for theaforementioned covariates. These generational differences remain for the 24- to36-year-old Millennials, during the period when the U.S. economy was recoveringfrom the recession. These findings show that, in both urban and suburbanneighborhoods, Millennials in the U.S. are less auto-centric than the previousgeneration during early life stages, regardless of economic conditions. Whethersuch difference persists over later life stages remains an open question and isworth continuous attention.

transportation research part a policy and practice

Has the Relationship between Urban and Suburban Automobile Travel  Changed across Generations? Comparing Millennials and Generation Xers in the  United States