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The adult sex ratio (ASR) is defined as the number of fertile males dividedby the number of fertile females in a population. We build an ODE model withminimal age structure, in which males compete for paternities using either amultiple-mating or searching-then-guarding strategy, to investigate the valueof ASR as an index for predicting which strategy males will adopt, with a focusin our investigation on the differences of strategy choice between chimpanzeesPan troglodytes and human hunter-gatherers Homo sapiens. Parameters in themodel characterise aspects of life history and behaviour, and determine bothdominant strategy and the ASR when the population is at or near equilibrium.Sensitivity analysis on the model parameters informs us that ASR is stronglyinfluenced by parameters characterising life history, while dominant strategyis affected most strongly by the effectiveness of guarding (average length oftime a guarded pair persists, and resistance to paternity theft) and moderatelyby some life history traits. For fixed effectiveness of guarding and otherparameters, dominant strategy tends to change from multiple mating to guardingalong a curve that aligns well with a contour of constant ASR, under variationof parameters such as longevity and age female fertility ends. This confirmsthe hypothesis that ASR may be a useful index for predicting the optimal malemating strategy, provided we have some limited information about ecology andbehaviour.

Adult sex ratio as an index for male strategy in primates