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Modern developments in population dynamics emphasize the role of the turnoverof individuals. In the new approaches stable population size is a dynamicequilibrium between different mortality and fecundity factors instead of anarbitrary fixed carrying capacity. The latest replicator dynamics models assumethat regulation of the population size acts through feedback driven by densitydependent juvenile mortality. Here, we consider a simplified model to extractthe properties of this approach. We show that at the stable population size,the structure of the frequency dependent evolutionary game emerges. Turnover ofindividuals induces a lottery mechanism where for each nest site released by adead adult individual a single newborn is drawn from the pool of newborncandidates. This frequency dependent selection leads toward the strategymaximizing the number of newborns per adult death. However, multiple strategiescan maximize this value. Among them, the strategy with the greatest mortality(which implies greater instantaneous growth rate) is selected. This result isimportant for the discussion about universal fitness measures and whichparameters are maximized by natural selection. This is related to the fitnessmeasures R0 and r, because the number of newborns per single dead individualequals lifetime production of newborn R0 in models without ageing. Our modelsuggests the existence of another fitness measure which is the combination ofR0 and r. According to the nest site lottery mechanism, at stable populationsize, selection favours strategies with the greatest r from those with thegreatest R0.

The nest site lottery: how selectively neutral density dependent growth suppression induces frequency dependent selection