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This paper discusses two main themes. First, it investigates the formation ofa spatiotemporal cognitive map (mental image) of a road network in travelersmemory, which entails the travelers global conceptual understanding ofcongestion or the degree of crowding of the network. Second, it tries toinvestigate how latent learning of travelers from previous experiences shapesparts of the mental image, even for the parts of the network with which thetravelers are unfamiliar. An experiment of route choice experiences wasconducted among 90 participants in order to gain insight into the formation ofa cognitive map and latent learning. In this experiment, the followingindependent variables are connected to the formation of a mental image of thenetwork and the quality of the generalization of the unfamiliar parts of thenetwork: (i) dispersion of the links travel time throughout the network, (ii)number of trips the traveler makes, (iii) travelers gender, (iv) travelersdriving experiences, (v) travelers natural level of optimism or pessimism, (vi)salient or noticeable features on the network, and (vii) the presence oftraffic signals. Several nonparametric (distribution-free) tests are employedto test the hypotheses. The results indicate that apart from the travelersgender and salient or noticeable features on the network, the consideredfactors significantly affect the degree of the recognizability of the networkelements by travelers.

Latent learning and the formation of a spatiotemporal cognitive map of a road network