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Charge density wave (CDW) ordering in the prototypical low-dimensionalcompound NbSe3 is reconsidered. We show that the widely accepted CDW model withtwo incommensurate modulations, q1 = (0,0.241,0) and q2 = (0.5,0.260,0.5),localized on type-III and type-I bi-capped trigonal prismatic (BCTP) columns,does not explain some details, revealed by various microscopic methods. Thesuggested alternative explanation is in a better accord with the entireexperimental evidence, including low-temperature (LT) scanning tunnelingmicroscopy (STM) results. It is based on the existence of modulated layerednano-domains formed below both CDW onset temperatures. According to this model,two of the three slightly different BCTP types of columns are modulated by thesame wave vector, either q1 or q2, which can easily switch over in a domain asa whole. This approach explains the presence of the q2 modulation in the STMimages recorded above the T2 CDW transition and the absence of the q2satellites in the corresponding diffraction patterns. The long periodicmodulation, detected by LT STM is attributed to a beating between the two CDWs,centered on adjacent columns of the same type. These pairs of columns, botheither of type-III or type-I, modulated by the two alternative CDWs, representthe basic modulation units, ordered into nano-domains.

Charge density wave ordering in NbSe3: possible models and the experimental evidence