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An increasing number of scholars are using longitudinal social network datato try to obtain estimates of peer or social influence effects. These data mayprovide additional statistical leverage, but they can introduce new inferentialproblems. In particular, while the confounding effects of homophily infriendship formation are widely appreciated, homophily in friendship retentionmay also confound causal estimates of social influence in longitudinal networkdata. We provide evidence for this claim in a Monte Carlo analysis of thestatistical model used by Christakis, Fowler, and their colleagues in numerousarticles estimating "contagion" effects in social networks. Our resultsindicate that homophily in friendship retention induces significant upward biasand decreased coverage levels in the Christakis and Fowler model if there isnon-negligible friendship attrition over time.

The "Unfriending" Problem: The Consequences of Homophily in Friendship Retention for Causal Estimates of Social Influence