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One of the causal agents of human sporotrichosis,  Sporothrix schenckii , is the type species of the genus  Sporothrix . During the course of the last century the asexual morphs of many  Ophiostoma  spp. have also been treated in  Sporothrix . More recently several DNA-based studies have suggested that species of  Sporothrix  and  Ophiostoma  converge in what has become known as  Ophiostoma s. lat.  Were the one fungus one name principles adopted in the Melbourne Code to be applied to  Ophiostoma s. lat. ,  Sporothrix  would have priority over  Ophiostoma , resulting in more than 100 new combinations. The consequence would be name changes for several economically important tree pathogens including  O. novo-ulmi . Alternatively,  Ophiostoma  could be conserved against  Sporothrix , but this would necessitate changing the names of the important human pathogens in the group. In this study, we sought to resolve the phylogenetic relationship between  Ophiostoma  and  Sporothrix . DNA sequences were determined for the ribosomal large subunit and internal transcribed spacer regions, as well as the beta-tubulin and calmodulin genes in 65 isolates. The results revealed  Sporothrix  as a well-supported monophyletic lineage including 51 taxa, distinct from  Ophiostoma s. str . To facilitate future studies exploring species level resolution within  Sporothrix , we defined six species complexes in the genus. These include the  Pathogenic Clade  containing the four human pathogens, together with the  S. pallida-, S. candida-, S. inflata-, S. gossypina-  and  S. stenoceras  complexes, which include environmental species mostly from soil, hardwoods and  Protea  infructescences. The description of  Sporothrix  is emended to include sexual morphs, and 26 new combinations. Two new names are also provided for species previously treated as  Ophiostoma .

The divorce of Sporothrix and Ophiostoma: solution to a problematic relationship