English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Open

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Insights

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Zendy Tools

Zendy Plus

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Most of the power-to-heat and thermal energy storage technologies are matureand impact the European energy transition. However, detailed models of thesetechnologies are usually very complex, making it challenging to implement themin large-scale energy models, where simplicity, e.g., linearity and appropriateaccuracy, are desirable due to computational limitations. In the literature,the main power-to-heat and thermal energy storage technologies across allsectors have not been clearly identified and characterized. Their potentialroles have not been fully discussed from the European perspective, and theirmathematical modeling equations have not been presented in a compiled form.This paper contributes to the research gap in three main parts. First, itidentifies and classifies the major power-to-heat and thermal energy storagetechnologies that are climate-neutral, efficient, and technologically maturedto supplement or substitute the current fossil fuel-based heating. The secondpart presents the technology readiness levels of the identified technologiesand discusses their potential role in a sustainable European energy system. Thethird part presents the mathematical modeling equations for the technologies inlarge-scale optimization energy models. We identified electric heat pumps,electric boilers, electric resistance heaters, and hybrid heating systems asthe most promising power-to-heat options. We grouped the most promising thermalenergy storage technologies under four major categories. Low-temperatureelectric heat pumps, electric boilers, electric resistance heaters, andsensible and latent heat storage show high technology readiness levels tofacilitate a large share of the heat demand. Finally, the mathematicalformulations capture the main effects of the identified technologies.

Classification, potential role, and modeling of power-to-heat and thermal energy storage in energy systems: A review