English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Plus

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Insights

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Zendy Tools

Zendy Open

The electrification of transport is seen as an important step in the globaldecarbonisation agenda. With such a large expected load on the power systemfrom electric vehicles (EVs), it is important to coordinate charging in orderto balance the supply and demand for electricity. Bidirectional charging,enabled through Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, will unlock significantstorage capacity from stationary EVs that are plugged in. To take this concepta step further, this paper quantifies the potential revenues to be gained by acommercial EV fleet operator from simultaneously scheduling its trips on aday-ahead basis, as well as its charging. This allows the fleet to complete itstrips (with user defined trip length and distance), while taking advantage offluctuating energy and ancillary services prices. A mathematical framework foroptimal trip scheduling is proposed, formulated as a mixed-integer linearprogram, and is applied to several relevant scenarios of the present and futureBritish electricity system. It is demonstrated that an optimal journey starttime can increase the revenue of commercial fleets by up to 38% in summer and12% in winter. This means a single EV from the maintenance fleet can makeadditional annual revenue of up to {\pounds}729. Flexible trip schedules aremore valuable in the summer because keeping EVs plugged in during peak solaroutput will benefit the grid and the fleet operators the most. It was alsofound that a fleet of 5,000 EVs would result in the equivalent $\textrm{CO}_2$of removing one Combined Cycle Gas Turbine from the system. This significantincrease in revenue and carbon savings show this approach is worthinvestigating for potential future application.

Value of Optimal Trip and Charging Scheduling of Commercial Electric Vehicle Fleets with Vehicle-to-Grid in Future Low Inertia Systems