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The transformation between the metallic ($\beta$) and semi-conducting($\alpha$) allotropes of tin is still not well understood. The phase transitiontemperature stated in the literature, 286.2 K, seems to be inconsistent withrecent calorimetric measurements. In this paper, this intriguing aspect hasbeen explored in Sn and Sn-Cu (alloyed 0.5% Cu by weight) using temperatureresolved synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements performed at the Indus-2facility. Additionally, the $\alpha \rightleftharpoons \beta$ Sn transition hasbeen recorded using in-situ heating/cooling experiments in a scanning electronmicroscope. Based on these measurements, a protocol has been suggested toreduce the formation of $\alpha$-Sn in potentially susceptible systems. Thiswill be useful in experiments like TIN.TIN (The INdia-based TIN detector),which proposes to employ ~100 - 1000 kg of superconducting tin-based detectorsto search for neutrinoless double beta decay in the isotope $^{124}$Sn.

Synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies of the $\alpha \rightleftharpoons \beta$ structural phase transition in Sn and Sn-Cu