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Properties of metals are fundamentally determined by their electron behavior,which is largely reflected by the electron work function ($\varphi $). Recentstudies have demonstrated that many properties of metallic materials aredirectly related to $\varphi $, which may provide a simple but fundamentalparameter for material design. Since material properties are affected bytemperature, in this article a simple model is proposed to correlate the workfunction with temperature, expressed as $\varphi (T)=\varphi_{0} -\gamma\frac{(k_{B} T)^{2}}{\varphi_{0}} $, where $\gamma $ varies with the crystalstructure. This $\varphi $-T relationship helps determine and understand thedependence of metal properties on temperature on a feasible electronic base. Asa sample application, the established relationship is applied to determine thedependence of Young's modulus of metals on temperature. The proposedrelationship is consistent with experimental observations.

Variation in electron work function with temperature and its effect on the Young's modulus of metals