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The security of quantum key distribution (QKD) is severely threatened bydiscrepancies between realistic devices and theoretical assumptions. Recently,a significant framework called the reference technique was proposed to providesecurity against arbitrary source flaws under current technology such as statepreparation flaws, side channels caused by mode dependencies, the Trojan horseatttacks and pulse correlations. Here, we adopt the reference technique toprove security of an efficient four-phase measurement-device-independent QKDusing laser pulses against potential source imperfections. We present acharacterization of source flaws and connect them to experiments, together witha finite-key analysis against coherent attacks. In addition, we demonstrate thefeasibility of our protocol through a proof-of-principle experimentalimplementation and achieve a secure key rate of 253 bps with a 20 dB channelloss. Compared with previous QKD protocols with imperfect devices, our studyconsiderably improves both the secure key rate and the transmission distance,and shows application potential in the practical deployment of secure QKD withdevice imperfections.

Experimental measurement-device-independent type quantum key distribution with flawed and correlated sources