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Changes in temperature in landslide shear zones can derive from frictionalheating but also groundwater flow or heat exchange with the atmosphere. This isespecially relevant in shallow landslides under seasonal and long-term climaticforcing. How temperature controls the shear resistance in these landslides ispoorly constrained. We explored the response of two pure clays (Ca-bentoniteand kaolin) under landslide stress levels (50-150 kPa) and slow-to-rapidshearing (0.018-44.5 mm/min). We modified a ring-shear device to permittemperature control (20-50 C). We observed important heating-inducedstrengthening in bentonite during slow shearing, but also weakening and againstrengthening during faster shearing. Effects in kaolin were generally ofopposite sign and lower magnitude compared to those in bentonite. Although moreanalyses are warranted in natural soils and in a lower temperature range, weargue that the thermal sensitivity of clays may matter not only in fast andlarge, but also in slow and shallow landslides in clay soils. However,case-by-case investigations should be performed to evaluate how thermalsensitivity combines with concurrent processes of atmosphere-soil interaction.

Heating-induced strengthening or weakening of clays during slow to fast shearing at landslide stress levels