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Nasal adhesions are a known postoperative complication following surgicalprocedures for nasal airway obstruction (NAO); and are a common cause ofsurgical failure, with patients often reporting significant NAO, despiterelatively minor adhesion size. Division of such nasal adhesions often providesmuch greater relief than anticipated, based on the minimal reduction incross-sectional area associated with the adhesion. The available literatureregarding nasal adhesions provides little evidence examining their quantitativeand qualitative effects on nasal airflow using objective measures. This studyexamined the impact of nasal adhesions at various anatomical sites on nasalairflow and mucosal cooling using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Ahigh-resolution CT scan of the paranasal sinuses of a 25-year-old, healthyfemale patient was segmented to create a three-dimensional nasal airway model.Virtual nasal adhesions of 2.5~mm diameter were added to various locationswithin the nasal cavity, representing common sites seen following NAO surgery.A series of models with single adhesions were created. CFD analysis wasperformed on each model and compared with a baseline no-adhesion model,comparing airflow and heat and mass transfer. The nasal adhesions resulted inno significant change in bulk airflow patterns through the nasal cavity.However, significant changes were observed in local airflow and mucosal coolingaround and immediately downstream to the nasal adhesions. These were mostevident with anterior nasal adhesions at the internal valve and anteriorinferior turbinate.

The impact of nasal adhesions on airflow and mucosal cooling -- a computational fluid dynamics analysis