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Background: Obesity and atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently coexist. Weight loss reduces the burden of AF, but whether this is sustained, has a dose effect, or is influenced by weight fluctuation is unknown. Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the long-term impact of weight loss and weight fluctuation on rhythm control in obese individuals with AF. Methods: Of 1,415 consecutive patients with AF, 825 had a body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m(2) and were offered weight management. After screening for exclusion criteria, 355 were included in this analysis. Weight loss was categorized as group 1 (≥ 10%), group 2 (3% to 9%), and group 3 (< 3%). Weight trend and/or fluctuation was determined by yearly follow-up. We determined the impact on the AF severity scale and 7-day ambulatory monitoring. Results: There were no differences in baseline characteristics or follow-up among the groups. AF burden and symptom severity decreased more in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.001 for all). Arrhythmia-free survival with and without rhythm control strategies was greatest in group 1 compared with groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.001 for both). In multivariate analyses, weight loss and weight fluctuation were independent predictors of outcomes (p < 0.001 for both). Weight loss ≥ 10% resulted in a 6-fold (95% confidence interval: 3.4 to 10.3; p < 0.001) greater probability of arrhythmia-free survival compared with the other 2 groups. Weight fluctuation >5% partially offset this benefit, with a 2fold (95% confidence interval: 1.0 to 4.3; p = 0.02) increased risk of arrhythmia recurrence. Conclusions: Long-term sustained weight loss is associated with significant reduction of AF burden and maintenance of sinus rhythm. (Long-Term Effect of Goal directed weight management on Atrial Fibrillation Cohort: A 5 Year follow-up study [LEGACY Study]; ACTRN12614001123639).

«Estudo LEGACY: Efeitos a longo prazo do controlo de peso guiado por objetivos numa coorte com fibrilhação auricular»