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A large-area thermoelectric generator (TEG) utilizing a folded thin-filmconcept is implemented and the performance evaluated for near room temperatureapplications having modest temperature gradients (< 50 K). The TEGs with thearea of ~0.33 m^2 are shown capable of powering a wireless sensor node ofmultiple sensors suitable e.g. for monitoring environmental variables inbuildings. The TEGs are based on a transparent, non-toxic and abundantthermoelectric material, i.e. aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO), deposited onflexible substrates. After folding, both the electrical current and heat fluxare in the plane of the thermoelectric thin-film. Heat leakage in the foldedTEG is shown to be minimal (close to that of air), enabling sufficienttemperature gradients without efficient heat sinks, contrary to theconventional TEGs having the thermal flux and electrical current perpendicularto the plane of the thermoelectric films. The long-term stability studiesreveal that there are no significant changes in the electrical orthermoelectric properties of AZO over several months, while the contactresistance between AZO and silver ink is an issue exhibiting a continuousincrease over time. The performance of the TEGs and technological implicationsin relation to a state-of-the-art thermoelectric material are further assessedvia a computational study.

renewable energy

Large-area implementation and critical evaluation of the material and  fabrication aspects of a thin-film thermoelectric generator based on  aluminum-doped zinc oxide