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Defining the processes involved in the technical/cultural shifts from theLate Middle to the Early Upper Palaeolithic in Europe (~50-39 thousand yearsBP) is one of the most important tasks facing prehistoric studies. In thisdebate Italy plays a pivotal role, due to its geographical position betweeneastern and western Mediterranean Europe as well as to it being the location ofseveral sites showing Late Mousterian, Uluzzian and Protoaurignacian evidencedistributed across the Peninsula. Our study aims to provide a synthesis of theavailable lithic evidence from this key area through a review of the evidencecollected from a number of reference sites. The main technical features of theLate Mousterian, the Uluzzian and the Protoaurignacian traditions are examinedfrom a diachronic and spatial perspective. Our overview allows theidentification of major differences in the technological behaviour of thesepopulations, making it possible to propose a number of specific workinghypotheses on the basis of which further studies can be carried out. This studypresents a detailed comparative study of the whole corpus of the lithicproduction strategies documented during this interval, and crucial element thusemerge.These data are of primary importance in order to assess the nature ofthe "transition" phenomenon in Italy, thus contributing to the larger debateabout the disappearance of Neandertals and the arrival of early Modern Humansin Europe.

quaternary international

Lithic techno-complexes in Italy from 50 to 39 thousand years BP: an  overview of lithic technological changes across the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic  boundary