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We present the results of the first-ever visible spectroscopic survey fullydedicated to the small (absolute magnitude H>20) near-Earth asteroid (NEA)population. Observations have been performed at the New Technology Telescope(NTT) of the European Southern Observatory (ESO), during a 30-night GuaranteedTime Observations programme, in the framework of the European Commissionfinanced NEOShield-2 project. The visible spectra of 147 objects have beenobtained and taxonomically classified. They show a peculiar taxonomicdistribution, with respect to larger NEAs. In particular, olivine-rich A-typesand organic-rich D-types are more abundant than what could be expected byextrapolating the taxonomic distribution of larger NEAs. Such results haveimplications for the investigation of the first phases of solar system history,including the delivery of prebiotic material on the early Earth. Having beenobtained over a large range of solar phase angles, our data allowed us toevidence peculiar phase reddening behaviours for asteroids belonging todifferent taxonomic types. Low-albedo asteroids display no or limited phasereddening, compared to moderate- and high-albedo objects. This result suggestsa promising novel way to distinguish primitive asteroids in the X-complex. Inagreement with previous laboratory experiments, olivine-rich surfaces are themost affected by phase reddening.

A spectroscopic survey of the small near-Earth asteroid population: peculiar taxonomic distribution and phase reddening