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In a two-week period between February and March of 2015, a series ofinterplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and (solar energetic particles)SEPs made contact with Mars. The interactions were observed by severalspacecraft, including Mars Express (MEX), Mars Atmosphere and VolatileEvolution Mission (MAVEN), and Mars Odyssey (MO). The ICME disturbances werecharacterized by an increase in ion speed, plasma temperature, magnetic fieldmagnitude, and energetic electron flux. Furthermore, increased solar winddensity and speeds, unusually high local electron densities and high flowvelocities were detected on the nightside at high altitudes during the March8th event. These effects are thought to be due to the transport of ionosphericplasma away from Mars. The peak electron density at periapsis shows asubstantial increase, reaching number densities about 2.7 x 104 cm-3 during thesecond ICME in the deep nightside, which corresponds to an increase in theMOHigh-Energy Neutron Detector flux, suggesting an increase in the ionizationof the neutral atmosphere due to the high intensity of charged particles. SEPsshow a substantial enhancement before the shock of fourth ICME causing impactionization and absorption of the surface echo intensity which drops to thenoise levels. Moreover, the peak ionospheric density exhibits a discreteenhancement over a period of about 30 hrs around the same location, which maybedue to impact ionization. Ion escape rates at this time are calculated to be inthe order of 1025 - 1026 s-1, consistent with MAVEN results, but somewhathigher.

Response of the Martian Ionosphere to Solar Activity including SEPs and ICMEs in a two week period starting on 25 February 2015