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The content of $\mathrm{OH/H_2O}$ molecules in the tenuous exosphere of theMoon is still an open issue at present. We here report an unprecedented upperlimit of the content of the OH radicals, which is obtained from the in-situmeasurements carried out \rm by the Lunar-based Ultraviolet Telescope, apayload of Chinese Chang'e-3 mission. By analyzing the diffuse background inthe images taken by the telescope, the column density and surface concentrationof the OH radicals are inferred to be $<10^{11}\ \mathrm{cm^{-2}}$ and$<10^{4}\ \mathrm{cm^{-3}}$ (by assuming a hydrostatic equilibrium with a scaleheight of 100km), respectively, by assuming that the recorded background isfully contributed by their resonance fluorescence emission. The resultedconcentration is lower than the previously reported value by about two ordersof magnitude, and is close to the prediction of the sputtering model. Inaddition, the same measurements and method allow us to derive a surfaceconcentration of $<10^{2}\ \mathrm{cm^{-3}}$ for the neutral magnesium, whichis lower than the previously reported upper limit by about two orders ofmagnitude. These results are the best known of the OH (MgI) content in thelunar exosphere to date.

An Unprecedented Constraint on Water Content in the Sunlit Lunar Exosphere Seen by Lunar-Based Ultraviolet Telescope of Chang'e-3 Mission