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The active broadband (1 kHz-100 MHz) tripole antenna now envisaged to beplaced on the European Lunar Lander located at the Lunar South Pole allows forsensitive measurements of the exosphere and ionosphere, and their interactionwith the Earths magnetosphere, solar particles, wind and CMEs and studies ofradio communication on the moon, that are essential for future lunar human andscience exploration. In addition, the lunar South pole provides an excellentopportunity for radio astronomy. Placing a single radio antenna in an eternallydark crater or behind a mountain at the south (or north) pole would potentiallyprovide perfect shielding from man-made radio interference (RFI), absence ofionospheric distortions, and high temperature and antenna gain stability thatallows detection of the 21 cm wave emission from pristine hydrogen formed afterthe big bang and into the period where the first stars formed. A detection ofthe 21 cm line from the moon at these frequencies would allow for the firsttime a clue on the distribution and evolution on mass in the early universebetween the Epoch of Recombination and Epoch of Reionization (EoR). A singlelunar radio antenna would also allow for studies of the effect of solar flaresand Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) on the solar wind at distances close to earth(space weather) and would open up the study of low frequency radio events fromplanets such as Jupiter and Saturn, which are known to emit bright (kJy-MJy)radio emission below 30 MHz (Jester & Falcke, 2009). Finally, a single radioantenna on the lunar lander would pave the way for a future large lunar radiointerferometer; not only will it demonstrate the possibilities for lunar radioscience and open up the last unexplored radio regime, but it will also allow adetermination of the limitations of lunar radio science by measuring the localradio background noise.

Radio astronomy with the Lunar Lander: opening up the last unexplored frequency regime