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We present the results of a large scale simulation, reproducing the behaviorof a data center for the build-up and maintenance of a complete catalog ofspace debris in the upper part of the low Earth orbits region (LEO). Thepurpose is to determine the performances of a network of advanced opticalsensors, through the use of the newest orbit determination algorithms developedby the Department of Mathematics of Pisa (DM). Such a network has been proposedto ESA in the Space Situational Awareness (SSA) framework by Carlo GavazziSpace SpA (CGS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), DM, and Istituto diScienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione (ISTI-CNR). The conclusion is that it ispossible to use a network of optical sensors to build up a catalog containingmore than 98% of the objects with perigee height between 1100 and 2000 km,which would be observable by a reference radar system selected as comparison.It is also possible to maintain such a catalog within the accuracy requirementsmotivated by collision avoidance, and to detect catastrophic fragmentationevents. However, such results depend upon specific assumptions on the sensorand on the software technologies.

Innovative observing strategy and orbit determination for Low Earth Orbit Space Debris