English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Open

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Insights

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Zendy Tools

Zendy Plus

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the visibility andartifacts of commercially available fiducial markers in order to optimize theirselection for image-guided stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). From sixdifferent vendors, we selected 11 fiducials commonly used in image-guidedradiation therapy (IGRT); the fiducials varied in material composition (gold,platinum, carbon), shape (cylindrical, notched/linear, coiled, ball-like,step), and size measured in terms of diameter (0.28-1.0 mm) and length(3.0-20.0 mm). Each fiducial was centered in 4-mm bolus within a 13-cm-thickwater-equivalent phantom. Fiducials were imaged with use of a simulationcomputed tomography (CT) scanner, a CT-on-rails system, and an onboardcone-beam CT system. Acquisition parameters were set according to clinicalprotocols. Visibility was assessed in terms of contrast and the Michelsonvisibility metric. Artifacts were quantified in terms of relative standarddeviation and relative streak artifacts level (rSAL). Twelve radiationoncologists ranked each fiducial in terms of clinical usefulness. Contrast andartifacts increased with fiducial size. For CT imaging, maximum contrast (2722HU) and artifacts (rSAL=2.69) occurred for the largest-diameter (0.75 mm)platinum fiducial. Minimum contrast (551 HU) and reduced artifacts (rSAL=0.65)were observed for the smallest-diameter (0.28 mm) gold fiducial. Carbonproduced the least severe artifacts (rSAL = 0.29). The survey indicated thatphysicians preferred gold fiducials with a 0.35- to 0.43-mm diameter, 5- to10-mm length, and a coiled or cylindrical shape that balanced contrast andartifacts. We evaluated 11 different fiducials in terms of visibility andartifacts. The results of this study may assist radiation oncologists who seekto maximize contrast, minimize artifacts, and/or balance contrast versusartifacts by fiducial selection.

Evaluation of the Visibility and Artifacts of 11 Common Fiducial Markers for Image-Guided Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in the Abdomen