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Smoldering combustion plays an important role in forest and wildland fires.Fires from smoldering combustion can last for long periods of time, emit morepollutants, and be difficult to extinguish. This makes the study of smolderingin woody fuels and forest duff important. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and ligninare the major constituents in these type of fuels, in different proportions fordifferent fuels. In this paper, we developed a 1-D model using the open-sourcesoftware Gpyro to study the smoldering combustion of cellulose andhemicellulose mixtures. We first validated our simulations againstexperimentally obtained values of propagation speed for mixtures with fuelcompositions including 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% cellulose, with the remainingproportion of hemicellulose. Then, we studied the effects of varying fuelcomposition, density, and moisture content on smoldering combustion. We findthat propagation speed of smoldering increased with decreases in density andincreases in hemicellulose content, which we attribute to the role of oxygendiffusion. Propagation speed increased with moisture content for pure celluloseup to a certain limiting value, after which the propagation speed dropped by upto 70%. The mean peak temperature of smoldering increased with increases inhemicellulose content and density, and decreased with increasing moisturecontent.

Computational study of the effects of density, fuel content, and moisture content on smoldering propagation of cellulose and hemicellulose mixtures