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We demonstrate that the QCD topological susceptibility nonperturbatively getsa significant contribution signaled by flavor-nonuniversal quark condensates ataround the pseudo-critical temperature of the chiral crossover. It implies aremarkable flavor breaking in the axial anomaly as well as the QCD theta vacuumin high temperature QCD, which are almost flavor universal in the vacuum. Anontrivial flavor breaking is triggered by nonperturbative thermal loopcorrections at around the chiral crossover, which is different from the trivialflavor violation just scaled by the quark mass ratio, observed atasymptotically high temperatures. This critical flavor violation cannot bedictated by the chiral perturbation theory with that lattice QCD usuallycompares, or the dilute instanton gas approximation based on that itsastrophysical implications have conventionally been made. This would give animpact on the thermal history and the cosmological evolution of QCD axionincluding the estimate of the relic abundance as a dark matter candidate.

Nonperturbative Flavor Breaking in Topological Susceptibility at Chiral Crossover