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We used a high-resolution magnetic spectrograph to study neutronpair-correlated $0^+$ states in $^{136}$Ba, produced via the $^{138}{\rmBa}(p,t)$ reaction. In conjunction with state-of-the-art shell modelcalculations, these data benchmark part of the dominant Gamow-Teller componentof the nuclear matrix element (NME) for $^{136}$Xe neutrinoless double beta($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay. We demonstrate for the first time an evaluation ofpart of a $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay NME by use of an experimental observable,presenting a new avenue of approach for more accurate calculations of$0\nu\beta\beta$ decay matrix elements.

Benchmarking $^{136}$Xe Neutrinoless $\beta\beta$ Decay Matrix Element Calculations with the $^{138}{\rm Ba}(p,t)$ Reaction