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In this Letter, the ALICE Collaboration presents the first measurements ofthe charged-particle multiplicity density, $\rm{d}N_{\rm{ch}}/\rm{d}\eta$, andtotal charged-particle multiplicity, $N_{\rm{ch}}^{\rm{tot}}$, in Xe-Xecollisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon--nucleon pair of$\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.44 TeV. The measurements are performed as a function ofcollision centrality over a wide pseudorapidity range of $-3.5 < \eta < 5$. Thevalues of $\rm{d}N_{\rm{ch}}/\rm{d}\eta$ at mid-rapidity and$N_{\rm{ch}}^{\rm{tot}}$ for central collisions, normalised to the number ofnucleons participating in the collision ($N_{\rm{part}}$) as a function of$\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$, follow the trends established in previous heavy-ionmeasurements. The same quantities are also found to increase as a function of$N_{\rm{part}}$, and up to the 5% most central collisions the trends are thesame as the ones observed in Pb-Pb at a similar energy. For more centralcollisions, the Xe-Xe scaled multiplicities exceed those in Pb-Pb for a similar$N_{\rm{part}}$. The results are compared to phenomenological models andtheoretical calculations based on different mechanisms for particle productionin nuclear collisions. All considered models describe the data reasonably wellwithin 15%.

Centrality and pseudorapidity dependence of the charged-particle multiplicity density in Xe-Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.44 TeV