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Horowitz and Kovchegov have derived a $k_T$-factorization formula forparticle production at small $x$ which includes running coupling corrections.We perform a first numerical analysis to confront the theory with data on theenergy and centrality dependence of particle multiplicities at midrapidity inhigh-energy p+A (and A+A) collisions. Moreover, we point out a strikinglydifferent dependence of the multiplicity per participant on $N_\text{part}$ inp+Pb vs.\ Pb+Pb collisions at LHC energies, and argue that the observedbehavior follows rather naturally from the convolution of the gluondistributions of an asymmetric vs. symmetric projectile and target.

Particle multiplicities in the central region of high-energy collisions from $k_T$-factorization with running coupling corrections