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A large value of the leptonic Dirac CP phase can arise from broken democracy,where the mass matrices are democratic up to small random perturbations. Suchperturbations are a natural consequence of broken residual $\mathbb S_3$symmetries that dictate the democratic mass matrices at leading order. Withrandom perturbations, the leptonic Dirac CP phase has a higher probability toattain a value around $\pm \pi/2$. Comparing with the anarchy model, brokendemocracy can benefit from residual $\mathbb S_3$ symmetries, and it canproduce much better, realistic predictions for the mass hierarchy, mixingangles, and Dirac CP phase in both quark and lepton sectors. Our approachprovides a general framework for a class of models in which a residual symmetrydetermines the general features at leading order, and where, in the absence ofother fundamental principles, the symmetry breaking appears in the form ofrandom perturbations.

Large Leptonic Dirac CP Phase from Broken Democracy with Random Perturbations