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Hadrons have finite interaction size with dense material, a basic featurecommon to known forms of hadronic calorimeters (HCAL). We argue thatsubstructure variables cannot use HCAL information to access the microscopicnature of jets much narrower than the hadronic shower size, which we callsuperboosted massive jets. It implies that roughly 15% of their transverseenergy profile remains inaccessible due to the presence of long-lived neutralhadrons. This part of the jet substructure is also subject to order-onefluctuations. We demonstrate that the effects of the fluctuations are notreduced when a global correction to jet variables is applied. The above leadsto fundamental limitations in the ability to extract intrinsic information fromjets in the superboosted regime. The neutral fraction of a jet is correlatedwith its flavor. This leads to an interesting and possibly useful differencebetween superboosted W/Z/h/t jets and their corresponding backgrounds. The QCDjets that form the background to the signal superboosted jets might also bequalitatively different in their substructure as their mass might lie at orbelow the Sudakov mass peak. Finally, we introduce a set of zero-conelongitudinal jet substructure variables and show that while they carryinformation that might be useful in certain situations, they are not in generalsensitive to the jet substructure.

Hadronic Calorimeter Shower Size: Challenges and Opportunities for Jet Substructure in the Superboosted Regime