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We study the SU(3) gauge theory with Nf=12 flavors in the fundamentalrepresentation by use of lattice simulations with staggered fermions. With anon-improved action we observe a chiral zero-temperature (bulk) transitionseparating a region at weak coupling, where chiral symmetry is realized, from aregion at strong coupling where chiral symmetry is broken. With improvedactions, a more complicated pattern emerges, and in particular two first ordertransitions in the chiral limit appear. We observe that at sufficiently strongcoupling the next-to-nearest neighbor terms of the improved lattice action areno longer irrelevant and can indeed modify the pattern observed withoutimprovement. Baryon number conservation can be realized in an unusual way,allowing for an otherwise prohibited oscillating term in the pseudoscalarchannel. We discuss the phenomenon by means of explicit examples borrowed fromstatistical mechanics. Finally, these observations can also be useful whensimulating other strongly coupled systems on the lattice, such as graphene.

The bulk transition of QCD with twelve flavors and the role of improvement