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We calculate the differential Drell-Yan production cross section inproton-nucleus collisions by including both next-to-leading order perturbativeeffects and effects of the nuclear medium. We demonstrate that dileptonproduction in fixed target experiments is an excellent tool to studyinitial-state parton energy loss in large nuclei and to accurately determinethe stopping power of cold nuclear matter. We provide theoretical predictionsfor the attenuation of the Drell-Yan cross section at large values of Feynman$x_F$ and show that for low proton beam energies experimental measurements atFermilab's E906 can clearly distinguish between nuclear shadowing and energyloss effects. If confirmed by data, our results may help determine the quarkradiation length in cold nuclear matter $X_0 \sim 10^{-13}$ m.

A possible determination of the quark radiation length in cold nuclear matter