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The leading twist theory of nuclear shadowing predicts the shadowingcorrection to nuclear parton distributions at small $x$ by connecting it to theleading twist hard diffraction in electron-nucleon scattering. Theuncertainties of the predictions are related to the shadowing effects resultingfrom the interaction of the hard probe with $N \ge 3$ nucleons. We argue thatthe pattern of hard diffraction observed at HERA allows one to reduce theseuncertainties. We develop a new approach to the treatment of these multipleinteractions, which is based on the concept of the color fluctuations andaccounts for the presence of both point-like and hadron-like configurations inthe virtual photon wave function. Using the developed framework, we update ourpredictions for the leading twist nuclear shadowing in nuclear partondistributions of heavy nuclei at small $x$.

Color fluctuation approximation for multiple interactions in leading twist theory of nuclear shadowing