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The $ O(GeV)$ extra $ U(1)$ gauge boson named U-boson, has been proposed tomediate the interaction among leptons and dark matter (DM), in order to accountfor the observations by PAMELA and ATIC. In such kind of models, the extra U(1)gauge group can be chosen as $U(1)_{L_i-L_j}$ with $L_i$ the $i-$th generationlepton number. This anomaly-free model provides appropriate dark matter relicdensity and boost factor required by experiments. In this work theobservability of such kind of U-boson at BESIII detector is investigatedthrough the processes $ e^ + e^ - \to U\gamma$, followed by $U\to e^+e^-$,$U\to \mu^+\mu^-$ and $U\to \nu\overline{\nu}$. In the invisible channel whereU-boson decays into neutrinos, BESIII can measure the coupling of the extra $U(1)$ down to $ O(10^{- 4}) \sim O(10^{- 5})$ because of the low Standard Modelbackgrounds. In the visible channel where U-boson decays into charged leptonpair, BESIII can only measure the coupling down to $ O(10^{- 3}) \sim O(10^{-4})$ due to the large irreducible QED backgrounds.

Detecting light leptophilic gauge boson at BESIII detector