English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Plus

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Zendy Tools

Zendy Open

Because quarks and gluons are confined within hadrons, they have a maximumwavelength of order the confinement scale. Propagators, normally calculated forfree quarks and gluons using Dyson-Schwinger equations, are modified bybound-state effects in close analogy to the calculation of the Lamb shift inatomic physics. Because of confinement, the effective quantum chromodynamiccoupling stays finite in the infrared. The quark condensate which arises fromspontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in the bound state Dyson-Schwingerequation is the expectation value of the operator $\bar q q$ evaluated in thebackground of the fields of the other hadronic constituents, in contrast to atrue vacuum expectation value. Thus quark and gluon condensates reside withinhadrons. The effects of instantons are also modified. We discuss theimplications of the maximum quark and gluon wavelength for phenomena such asdeep inelastic scattering and annihilation, the decay of heavy quarkonia, jets,and dimensional counting rules for exclusive reactions. We also discussimplications for the zero-temperature phase structure of a vectorial SU($N$)gauge theory with a variable number $N_f$ of massless fermions.

Maximum Wavelength of Confined Quarks and Gluons and Properties of Quantum Chromodynamics