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The work of Braginsky introduced radiation pressure dynamical backaction, inwhich a mechanical oscillator that is parametrically coupled to anelectromagnetic mode can experience a change in its rigidity and its dampingrate. The finite cavity electromagnetic decay rate can lead to eitheramplification or cooling of the mechanical oscillator, and lead in particularto a parametric oscillatory instability, associated with regenerativeoscillations of the mechanical oscillator, an effect limiting the circulatingpower in laser gravitational wave interferometers. These effects implicitlyrely on an electromagnetic cavity whose dissipation rate vastly exceeds that ofthe mechanical oscillator, a condition naturally satisfied in mostoptomechanical systems. Here we consider the opposite limit, where themechanical dissipation is engineered to dominate over the electromagnetic one,essentially reversing role of electromagnetic and mechanical degree of freedom.As a result, the electromagnetic field is now subject to dynamical backaction:the mechanical oscillator provides a feedback mechanism which modifies thedamping rate of the electromagnetic cavity. We describe this phenomenon in thespirit of Braginsky's original description, invoking finite cavity delay andhighlighting the role of dissipation. Building on previous experimental work,we demonstrate this dynamical backaction on light in a superconductingmicrowave optomechanical circuit. In particular, we drive the system above theparametric instability threshold of the microwave mode, leading to maser actionand demonstrate injection locking of the maser, which stabilizes its frequencyand reduces its noise.

A maser based on dynamical backaction on microwave light