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It is shown that in a structure consisting of a superconducting ring-shapedelectrode overlapped by a normal metal contact through a thin oxide barrier,measurements of the tunnel current in magnetic field can probe persistentcurrents in the ring. The effect manifests itself as periodic oscillations ofthe tunnel current through the junction at a fixed bias voltage as function ofperpendicular magnetic field. The magnitude of oscillations depends on biaspoint. It reaches maximum at energy eV which is close to the superconductinggap and decreases with increase of temperature. The period of oscillations dFin units of magnetic flux is equal neither to h/e nor to h/2e, butsignificantly exceeds these values for larger loop circumferences. Thephenomenon is explained by formation of metastable states with large vorticity.The pairing potential and the superconducting density of states areperiodically modulated by the persistent currents at sub-critical valuesresulting in corresponding variations of the measured tunnel current.

Tunneling spectroscopy of persistent currents in superconducting microrings