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The pattern formation and spatial spread of infectious populations areinvestigated using a kernel-based Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) modelapplicable across a wide range of basic reproduction numbers $R_o$. The focusis on the role of geographic spreaders defined here as a portion of theinfected population ($\phi$) experiencing high mobility between identicalcommunities. The spatial organization of the infected population and invasivefront speeds ($c_{max}$) are determined when the infections are randomlyinitiated in space within multiple communities. For small but finite $\phi$,scaling analysis in 1-dimension and simulation results in 2-dimensions suggestthat $c_{max}\sim (1-\phi) \gamma (R_o-1) \sigma$, where $\gamma$ is theinverse of the infectious duration, and $\sigma^2$ is the variance of thespatial kernel describing mobility of long-distance spreaders acrosscommunities. Hence, $c_{max}$ is not significantly affected by the small $\phi$though reductions in $\phi$ act as retardation factors to the attainment of$c_{max}$. The $\sigma$ determines the spatial organization of infectionsacross communities. When $\sigma >5dr$ (long-distance mobility, where $dr$ isthe minimum spatial extent defining adjacent communities), the infectiouspopulation will experience a transient but spatially coherent pattern with awavelength that can be derived from the spreading kernel properties.

The Role of Geographic Spreaders in Infectious Pattern Formation and Front Propagation Speeds