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Despite more than a quarter century of research, the nature of thesecond-order phase transition in the heavy-fermion metal URu$_2$Si$_2$ remainsenigmatic. The key question is which symmetry is being broken below this"hidden order" transition. We review the recent progress on this issue,particularly focusing on the thermodynamic evidence from very sensitivemicro-cantilever magnetic torque measurements that the fourfold rotationalsymmetry of the underlying tetragonal crystal is broken. The angle dependenceof the torque under in-plane field rotation exhibits the twofold oscillationterm, which sets in just below the transition temperature. This observationrestricts the symmetry of the hidden order parameter to the $E^{+}$- or$E^{-}$-type, depending on whether the time reversal symmetry is preserved ornot.

Thermodynamic evidence for broken fourfold rotational symmetry in the hidden-order phase of URu2Si2