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I argue that the conventional BCS-London theory of superconductivity does notexplain the most fundamental property of superconductors, the Meissner effect:how is the Meissner current generated, and how is it able to defy Faraday'slaw? How is its mechanical angular momentum compensated? I propose thatsuperconductivity is impossible unless the metal expels charge from itsinterior towards the surface in the transition to superconductivity. As aconsequence, superconductors in their ground state are predicted to possess amacroscopic electric field in their interior, as well as excess negative chargeand a macroscopic spin current near the surface. The system is driven normalwhen the applied magnetic field is strong enough to bring the spin current to astop. High temperature superconductivity occurs in systems that have too muchnegative charge.

Explanation of the Meissner Effect and Prediction of a Spin Meissner Effect in Low and High $T_c$ Superconductors