English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Plus

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Zendy Tools

Zendy Open

Using the quantum-mechanical approach combined with the image charge methodwe calculated the lowest energy levels of the impurities and neutral vacancieswith two electrons or holes located in the vicinity of flat surface ofdifferent solids. We obtained that the magnetic triplet state is the groundstate of the impurities and neutral vacancies in the vicinity of surface, whilethe nonmagnetic singlet is the ground state in the bulk for e.g. He atom, Li+,Be++, etc. ions. The energy difference between the lowest triplet and singletstates strongly depends on the electron (hole) effective mass, dielectricpermittivity of the solid and the distance from the surface. Pair interactionof the identical surface defects (two doubly charged impurities or vacancieswith two electrons or holes) reveals the ferromagnetic spin state with themaximal exchange energy at the definite distance between the defects (~5-25nm). We obtained that the nonmagnetic singlet state is the lowest one for amolecule with two electrons formed by a pair of identical surface impurities(like surface hydrogen), while its next state with deep enough negative energyminimum is the magnetic triplet. The metastable magnetic triplet state appearedfor such molecule at the surface indicates the possibility of metastableorto-states of the hydrogen-like molecules, while they are absent in the bulkof material. We hope that obtained results could provide an alternativemechanism of the room temperature ferromagnetism observed in TiO2, HfO2, andIn2O3 thin films with contribution of the oxygen vacancies.

Surface-induced magnetism of the solids with impurities and vacancies