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The bond order wave (BOW) phase of half-filled linear Hubbard-type models isnarrow and difficult to characterize aside from a few ground state properties.The BOW phase of a frustrated Heisenberg spin chain is wide and tractable. Ithas broken inversion symmetry C_i in a regular array and finite gap E_m to thelowest triplet state. The spin-BOW is exact in finite systems at a specialpoint. Its elementary excitations are spin-1/2 solitons that connect BOWs withopposite phase. The same patterns of spin densities and bond orders appear inthe BOW phase of Hubbard-type models. Infrared (IR) active lattice phonons ormolecular vibrations are derivatives of P, the polarization along the stack.Molecular vibrations that are forbidden in regular arrays become IR active whenC_i symmetry is broken. 1:1 alkali-TCNQ salts contain half-filled regular TCNQ-stacks at high temperature, down to 100 K in the Rb-TCNQ(II) polymorph whosemagnetic susceptibility and polarized IR spectra indicate a BOW phase. Morecomplete modeling will require explicit electronic coupling to phonons andmolecular vibrations.

1:1 alkali-TCNQ salts and the bond order wave (BOW) phase of half-filled linear Hubbard-type models