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Vehicle velocities in neighbouring road sections are correlated with memoryeffects. We explore the response of the velocities in the sequence of sectionsto a congestion in a given section and its dynamic characteristics. To thisend, we transfer the concept of response functions from previous applicationsin finance to traffic systems. The dynamical characteristics are of particularinterest. We identify two phases, a phase of transient response and a phase oflong-term response. The transient response is pronounced when considering thebackward propagation of heavy congestions but almost vanishes for forwardpropagation. For each response phase, we find a linear relation between thevelocity response and the congestion correlator, implying that the correlationof congestion is most likely the cause for the velocity response. We alsoconstruct a susceptible-decelerated-withdrawing model mathematically inspiredby the susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) model in epidemiology to describethe transient response. We find that the heavy congestion on a sectionpropagates forward and backward at a similar rate, but the forward sections aremore likely to recover from the effect of heavy congestion than the backwardsections.

Response functions as a new concept to study local dynamics in traffic networks