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In the Olympic Games, professional athletes representing their nationscompete regardless of economic, political and cultural differences. In thisstudy, we apply gravity model to observe characteristics, represented bydistances among nations that directly compete against one another in the SummerOlympics. We use dyadic data consisting of medal winning nations in the OlympicGames from 1952 to 2016. To compare how the dynamics changed during and afterthe Cold War period, we partitioned our data into two time periods (1952-1988and 1992-2016). Our research is distinguishable from previous studies in thatwe newly introduce application of gravity model in observing the dynamics ofthe Olympic Games. Our results show that for the entire study period, countriesthat engaged each other in competition in the finals of an Olympic event tendto be similar in economic size. After the Cold War, country pairs that competemore frequently tend to be similar in genetic origin.

Gravity model for dyadic Olympic competitions