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Cascading failures are one of the main reasons for blackouts in powertransmission grids. The topology of a power grid, together with its operativestate determine, for the most part, the robustness of the power grid againstcascading failures. Secure electrical power supply requires, together withcareful operation, a robust design of the electrical power grid topology. Thispaper investigates the impact of a power grid topology on its robustnessagainst cascading failures. Currently, the impact of the topology on a gridrobustness is mainly assessed by using purely topological approaches that failto capture the essence of electric power flow. This paper proposes a metric,the effective graph resistance, that relates the topology of a power grid toits robustness against cascading failures by deliberate attacks, while alsotaking the fundamental characteristics of the electric power grid into accountsuch as power flow allocation according to Kirchoff Laws. Experimentalverification shows that the proposed metric anticipates the grid robustnessaccurately. The proposed metric is used to optimize a grid topology for ahigher level of robustness. To demonstrate its applicability, the metric isapplied on the IEEE 118 bus power system to improve its robustness againstcascading failures.

The Impact of the Topology on Cascading Failures in Electric Power Grids