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We investigate the distribution of flavonoids, a major category of plantsecondary metabolites, across species. Flavonoids are known to show highspecies specificity, and were once considered as chemical markers forunderstanding adaptive evolution and characterization of living organisms. Weinvestigate the distribution among species using bipartite networks, and findthat two heterogeneous distributions are conserved among several families: thepower-law distributions of the number of flavonoids in a species and the numberof shared species of a particular flavonoid. In order to explain the possibleorigin of the heterogeneity, we propose a simple model with, essentially, asingle parameter. As a result, we show that two respective power-law statisticsemerge from simple evolutionary mechanisms based on a multiplicative process.These findings provide insights into the evolution of metabolite diversity andcharacterization of living organisms that defy genome sequence analysis fordifferent reasons.

Heterogeneous distribution of metabolites across plant species