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A population of firing neurons is expected to carry information not only bymean firing rate but also by fluctuation and synchrony among neurons. In orderto examine this possibility, we have studied responses of neuronal ensembles tothree kinds of inputs: mean-, fluctuation- and synchrony-driven inputs. Thegeneralized rate-code model including additive and multiplicative noise (H.Hasegawa, Phys. Rev. E {\bf 75} (2007) 051904) has been studied by directsimulations (DSs) and the augmented moment method (AMM) in which equations ofmotion for mean firing rate, fluctuation and synchrony are derived. Resultscalculated by the AMM are in good agreement with those by DSs. The independentcomponent analysis (ICA) of our results has shown that mean firing rate,fluctuation (or variability) and synchrony may carry independent information inthe population rate-code model. The input-output relation of mean firing ratesis shown to have higher sensitivity for larger multiplicative noise, asrecently observed in prefrontal cortex. A comparison is made between resultsobtained by the integrate-and-fire (IF) model and our rate-code model.

Population rate codes carried by mean, fluctuation and synchrony of neuronal firings