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We investigated the influence of oxygen on the performance of P3HT:PCBM(poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester) solar cellsby current--voltage, thermally stimulated current (TSC) and charge extractionby linearly increasing voltage (CELIV) measurement techniques. The exposure tooxygen leads to an enhanced charge carrier concentration and a decreased chargecarrier mobility. Further, an enhanced formation of deeper traps was observed,although the overall density of traps was found to be unaffected upon oxygenexposure. With the aid of macroscopic simulations, based on solving thedifferential equation system of Poisson, continuity and drift-diffusionequations in one dimension, we demonstrate the influence of a reduced chargecarrier mobility and an increased charge carrier density on the main solar cellparameters, consistent with experimental findings.

Oxygen doping of P3HT:PCBM blends: Influence on trap states, charge carrier mobility and solar cell performance