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Laser metal deposition (LMD) is an additive manufacturing technique, whoseperformances can be influenced by several factors and parameters. Monitoringtheir evolution allows for a better comprehension and control of the process,hence enhancing the deposition quality. In particular, the deposition height isan important variable that, if it does not match the process growth, can bringto defects and geometrical inaccuracies in the deposited structures. Thecurrent work presents a system based on optical triangulation for the heightmonitoring, implemented on a LMD setup composed of a fiber laser, a depositionhead, and an anthropomorphic robot. Its coaxial and non-intrusive configurationallows for flexibility in the deposition strategy and direction. A measurementlaser beam is launched through the powder nozzle and hits the melt pool. Acoaxial camera acquires the probe spot, whose position is converted to relativeheight. The device has been demonstrated for monitoring the deposition of astainless steel cylinder. The measurements allowed to reconstruct a spatial mapof the height variation, highlighting a transient in the deposition growthwhich can be explained in terms of a self-regulating mechanism for the layerthickness.

Monitoring of laser metal deposition height by means of coaxial laser triangulation